Papermaking 　　TheearliestformofChinesecharacterswereinscriptionsonoraclebonesoftheShangDynasty,followedbyinscriptionsonancientbronzeobjects,anditwasnotuntiltheSpringandAutumnDynastythattheChinesecharacterswerecarvedontobambooslipsstrungupbyhempcords. 　　TheChinesecharacterswerewrittenonsilkclothsduringtheQinandtheHandynasties,anditwasnotuntilCaiLun’s(蔡伦61-121)improvedpapermakingmethodintheEasternHanDynastythatpaperwaswidelyusedthroughoutancientChina.Papermakingwasagreateventinthehistoryofhumancivilization,anditwasintroducedintoEuropeancountries1,000yearslater. 　　Gunpowder发明者不详 　　Gunpowder,amixtureofcharcoal,saltpeterandsulfur,wasinventedbyancientChinesealchemistsduringtheprocessofalchemyintheSuiandtheTangdynasties,anditisahighlyvolatileexplosive.Theancientfirearrowresemblesthepresentrockettubeinshape,andwaswidelyusedinbattlesonwater. 　　ThegunpowderwasenormouslyemployedinthewarsduringtheTangandSongdynasties;itwasintroducedintotheArabiancountriesbytheMongoliansandthentotheEuropeancountries. 　　Compass发明者不详(我们中国人皆传说是黄帝发明) 　　ThelegendwentthatHuangdi(thelegendaryforebearoftheChinesenation)defeatedtheChiyoutribewiththehelpofasouthward-pointingcart,akindofmechanicaldeviceforindicatingdirectionsinancienttimes.Onthebasisofthesouthward-pointingcart,theChinesepeopleinventedacompassintheWarringStatePeriod(战国时代)andlaterappliedittoseaexplorationsandwars. 　　Greatprogresswasmadeincompass-makingintheSongDynasty,whenitgreatlystimulatedthedevelopmentoftheshippingindustry.Later,theArabiansandPersianslearnedtomakecompassesfromtheancientChineseandintroducedthemtotheEuropeancountries. 　　PrintingTechniques 　　Beforetheemergenceofaprintingtechnique,booksweretranscribedbyscholarsonebyonethroughoutthehistoryofChina.AlthougharubbingtechniqueandablockprintingtechniquesuccessivelyemergedintheHanDynastyandtheWesternJinDynasty,itwasstilltime-consumingtoprintabook. 　　BiSheng（970-1051毕升是活字印刷术的发明者）firstinventedmovabletypeprintingintheSongDynasty,greatlypromotingthedevelopmentoftheprintingtechnique,forwhichhewaspraisedasthefatheroftypography. 　　TheChineseprintingtechniqueisavanguardofhumancivilization,whichwasintroducedtotheEuropeancountriesbytheArabians,anditcreatesfavorableconditionsforknowledgedisseminationintheworld. 　　【很希望我的回答会对你有帮助.如有不明白,可以再追问,若满意请采纳,谢谢你,并祝你进步!】